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Index: F

.F filename extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
.f filename extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
F# keys : 12.9. Running Multiple Shell Sessions with screen
false exit status : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
false program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
fast find : 17.18. Using "Fast find"
with database : 17.19. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database
fc command : 11.14.2. In ksh and bash: fc
fg command
12.1.1. Foreground and Background
12.2. Other Ways to Refer to Jobs
fgrep : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
fgrep script : 27.6. Fast grep Isn't
fi statements : (see if statement)
fi unexpected : 46.1.4. Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc.
fignore shell variable
6.9. Special C Shell Variables
9.9. Don't Match Useless Files in Filename Completion
file command
16.26. Finding Text Files with findtext
47.4.3.5. File Inquiry Operators
file descriptors : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
associated with files : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
closing : 47.2.1.3. Closing FDs
managing
45.7. The exec Command
47.2.1. File Descriptors
redirecting : 45.21. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error
uses for : 45.20. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
file permissions : (see permissions)
file pointer : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
file recovery : 30.24. vi/ex File Recovery vs. Networked Filesystems
file size : 24.5. Limiting File Sizes
batch editing and : 33.8. Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Bomb on Big Files
File Transfer Protocol : (see ftp program)
file types, finding : 25.8. Finding File Types
filec shell variable : 6.9. Special C Shell Variables
filenames
appending date to : 21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename
on command line : 13.13. The "Filename" -
comparing : 16.23. Comparing Filenames in Two Directory Trees
completion
9.8. Filename Completion: Faster Filename Typing
11.13. Shell Command-Line Editing
conventions : 1.15. Filenames
ending with ~ : 14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly
extensions for
1.17. Filename Extensions
4.6. Naming Files
length of : 16.6. clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings
links and
18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
null : 23.13. Deleting Files with the Null Name
picking automatically : 16.16. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically
restoring from backups by : 20.4.1. Restoring a Few Files
special characters in
8.16. Quoting Handles Special Characters in Filenames
16.14. Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames
23.11. Deleting Files with Odd Names
starting with . : (see dot files)
stripped from pathnames : 45.18.1. Introduction to basename and dirname
symbols in : 44.15.1. With the $@"
for temporary files : 21.3. Unique Names for Temporary Files
whitespace in : 16.13. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name
wildcards and : 15.1. File Naming Wildcards
files
1.29. When Is a File Not a File?
45.20. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
access permissions : 1.23. File Access Permissions
adding to other files : 25.2. Four Ways to Skin a cat
archiving : (see archives)
automatic cleanup of : 3.4. Automatic File Cleanup
automatic updating of : 21.9. Keep File Printouts Up-to-Date Automatically with make
backing up : 20.1. tar in a Nutshell
binary, searching : 27.19. Finding Words Inside Binary Files
on enclosed CD-ROM : 52.1. Introduction
closing : 45.21. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error
comparing
18.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
(see comparing)
compressed : (see compressed files)
copying
18.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files?
18.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
to directory : 21.12. Copying Files to a Directory
to directory : 45.25. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
counting by types : 16.24. Counting Files by Types
creating : 25.2. Four Ways to Skin a cat
deleting : (see deleting files)
descriptors associated with : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
displaying contents of
adding or deleting whitespace : 25.9. Adding and Deleting White Space
cat command
25.2. Four Ways to Skin a cat
25.7. Show Non-Printing Characters with cat -v or od -c
displaying beginning/end only
25.14. How to Look at the End of a File: tail
25.20. Printing the Top of a File
double-spacing : 25.12. Double Space, Triple Space ...
less utility : 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
more utility : 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
numbering lines : 25.21. Numbering Lines
od utility : 25.7. Show Non-Printing Characters with cat -v or od -c
editing : 9.24.1. What Files Have I Just Edited?
empty
13.14. What Can You Do with an Empty File?
21.7. Setting File Modification Time with touch
emptying : 24.1. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It
executable : (see executable files)
finding : (see searching)
finding duplicate : 16.21. Finding All Directories with the Same Name
hidden : (see dot files)
inodes
1.22. How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes
16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
last access time : (see last access time)
links to : (see symbolic links)
listing : 16.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R
modification times
16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
16.5. The Three UNIX File Times
16.9. An Alias to List Recently Changed Files
16.18. Listing Files You've Created/Edited Today
16.25. Listing Files by Age and Size
16.27. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File
monitoring growth of
25.16. How to Look at a File as It Grows
25.18. Watching Several Files Grow
moving : 18.2. What's Really in a Directory
names for : (see filenames)
naming
4.6. Naming Files
18.2. What's Really in a Directory
18.3. Files with Two or More Names
18.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
notification of change to : 21.8.1.2. Watching Other Files
overwriting accidentally : 8.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files
ownership : (see ownership, file)
paging through : 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
permissions for
14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
(see permissions)
PostScript : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
printing : (see printing)
RCS files : 27.10. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep
read-only : 22.9. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable
reading : 47.2.1.2. Reading Files
reading line-by-line : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
saving to : (see saving)
searching : (see searching)
across lines : 27.11. A Multiline Context grep Using sed
agrep script
27.8. glimpse and agrep
27.14. Compound Searches
Boyer-Moore search algorithm : 27.9. New greps Are Much Faster
case sensitivity : 27.16. Faking Case-Insensitive Searches
by column : 27.17. Finding a Character in a Column
compound searches : 27.14. Compound Searches
egrep script
27.5. Extended Searching for Text with egrep
27.7. grepping for a List of Patterns
by exclusion : 27.3. Finding Text That Doesn't Match
fgrep script : 27.6. Fast grep Isn't
glimpse command : 27.8. glimpse and agrep
grep command
1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool
27.1. Different Versions of grep
27.12. Make Custom grep Commands (etc.) with perl
look program : 27.18. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
rcsgrep script : 27.10. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep
sed with grep : 27.15. Narrowing a Search Quickly
searching
sed : 27.11. A Multiline Context grep Using sed
searching for
9.24. Get File List by Editing Output of ls -l, grep, etc.
14.10. Variables Help You Find Directories and Files
searching for lines in : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
size of : (see size, file)
sparse : 24.18. Huge Files Might Not Take a Lot of Disk Space
spell checking : (see spell checking)
temporary
9.17. Handling Lots of Text with Temporary Files
14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly
text : (see text files)
too many for command line : 9.20. Too Many Files for the Command Line
uncompressing : 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
unlinking when open : 24.3. Unlinking Open Files Isn't a Good Idea
writing : 47.2.1.1. Writing Files
filesystems
find command and : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
hierarchical : 18.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files?
ID numbers : 17.22. Finding the Links to a File
moving files between : 18.2. What's Really in a Directory
structure of : 1.19. The Tree Structure of the Filesystem
fileutils : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
filters
1.3. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
1.30. Redirecting Input and Output
45.20. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
ex editor : 30.22. Filtering Text Through a UNIX Command
fmt utility for : 30.37. Neatening Lines
in index program : 48.12. Using index with a Filter
vi editor : 30.22.2. Filtering Text with vi
find command
3.4. Automatic File Cleanup
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
\( \) operator : 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
! operator
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
{ } operator : 17.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree (No Pathnames with find {} Operator)
-a option : 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
-atime option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.5. Searching for Old Files
17.7. The Times that find Finds
21.5. What Good Is a File's Last Access Time?
-ctime option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.5. Searching for Old Files
17.7. The Times that find Finds
to delete files : 23.22. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files
directory trees and : 17.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree
examples : 45.31. Nested Command Substitution
-exec option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
17.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree (No Pathnames with find {} Operator)
22.7. Using chmod to Change File Permission
22.8. The Handy chmod = Operator
fast find : 17.18. Using "Fast find"
-fstype option : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
-group option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
-inum option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
23.16. Removing a Strange File by its I-number
-links option : 17.5. Searching for Old Files
loops using : 45.18.2. Use with Loops
-maxdepth option : 17.23. Finding Files with -prune
-mtime option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.5. Searching for Old Files
17.7. The Times that find Finds
with multiple options
17.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
17.12. Finding Many Things with One Command
-name option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.4. Looking for Files with Particular Names
17.12. Finding Many Things with One Command
networked filesystems and : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
-newer option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.8. Exact File Time Comparisons
20.7. Creating a Timestamp File for Selective Backups
-nogroup option : 17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
-nouser option : 17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
-o option : 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
-ok option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
23.4. Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes
-perm option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.15. Searching for Files by Permission
-print operator : 17.3. Don't Forget -print
-print option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.12. Finding Many Things with One Command
-print0 option : 9.22. xargs: Problems with Spaces and Newlines
-prune option
17.23. Finding Files with -prune
17.24. Skipping Some Parts of a Tree in find (A More Selective -prune)
-size option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.14. Searching for Files by Size
syntax of : 17.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
-type option
17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
17.13. Searching for Files by Type
-user option : 17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
wildcards and
17.4. Looking for Files with Particular Names
17.18. Using "Fast find"
xargs command and : 17.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree
-xdev option : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
findcmd script
16.10. findcmd: Find a Command in Your Search Path
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
finding : (see searching)
findtext script
16.26. Finding Text Files with findtext
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
fix command : (see fc command)
fixdlsrps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixfmps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixmacps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixpsditps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixpspps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixscribeps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixtpps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixwfwps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixwpps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
fixwwps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
flip script
25.19. Reverse Lines in Long Files with flip
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
flow control : 41.2.4. Flow Control (We Hope)
in C shell : 47.2.2.2. Flow Control
Emacs and : 32.12. Getting Around Emacs Flow Control Problems
fmt : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
fmt command
9.20. Too Many Files for the Command Line
35.2. Neatening Text with fmt
filtering text from vi : 30.37. Neatening Lines
re-format comment lines : 35.4. recomment: Clean Up Program Comment Blocks
fmt.sh script
35.3. Alternatives to fmt
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
fold command : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold
footers, editing : 52.8.2.4. Unsharring the Sources
for loop
1.5. Anyone Can Program the Shell
9.12. The Bourne Shell for Loop
33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
advantages : 44.17. Handling Arguments with while and shift
in command-line arguments : 44.15.2. With a Loop
command substitution : 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
command-line arguments : 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
disadvantages : 44.17. Handling Arguments with while and shift
egrep expressions built : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
examples
44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
jot used in : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
multiple variables : 45.17. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables
storing line of text with multiple words : 45.34. Arrays in the Bourne Shell
uses for : 45.16. Standard Input to a for Loop
while loops compared to : 45.16. Standard Input to a for Loop
wildcards : 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
for loops
examples : 50.3. apropos on Systems Without apropos
foreach loop : 9.11. Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop
examples : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
in C shells : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
foreground jobs : 12.1.1. Foreground and Background
killing : 38.9. Killing Foreground Jobs
nice command and : 39.10. A nice Gotcha
fork system call
1.11. How the Shell Executes Other Commands
38.2. fork and exec
form letters : 9.14. Using Here Documents for Form Letters, etc.
format of diff output : 28.8. More Friendly diff Output
formfile : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
formprog script
45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
examples : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
forms
script for filing : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
Fortran program source file extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
fortune program : 3.3. Electronic Fortune Cookies
free software : 52.2. Where Does Free Software End and UNIX Begin?
Free Software Foundation (FSF)
1.8. There Are Many Shells
8.2. Introduction to bash
fsck program : 1.14. The Kernel and Daemons
ftp program
1.33. UNIX Networking and Communications
2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
9.19. For the Impatient: Type-Ahead
FTP software archives : 52.7.2. Online Archive
ftpd daemon, login shell and : 2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
ftpfile script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
FTPMAIL mail server : 52.7.2.2. FTPMAIL
full duplex : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)
function keys, mapping in vi : 31.2.1. Command Mode Maps
functions
. (dot) command compared to : 44.23. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
C programs : 52.8.2.7. Functions, Libraries, and Header Files
shell : (see shell functions)


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